1. Objective

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) aims to facilitate the dissemination of high-quality research and scientific innovations that contribute to the advancement of dental science and oral health care. The journal serves as a platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners to publish original findings that bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice.

2. Focus

IJD focuses on publishing rigorous clinical and experimental research, as well as comprehensive case reports. The journal prioritizes studies that offer novel insights into disease mechanisms, diagnostic techniques, therapeutic interventions, and public health strategies within the field of dentistry.

3. Scope

The journal covers a broad spectrum of dentistry and its related multidisciplinary fields. The scope includes, but is not limited to:

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) employs a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the scientific quality, validity, and integrity of all published articles. The standard manuscript processing workflow is outlined below:

Figure 1. IJD Editorial and Peer Review Workflow

1. Initial Screening (Pre-Review)

Upon submission, the Editor-in-Chief performs an initial check to ensure the manuscript adheres to the journal’s Focus and Scope and strictly follows the Author Guidelines.

• Plagiarism Check: All manuscripts are screened for plagiarism using Turnitin. Manuscripts with a similarity index exceeding the allowable threshold (strictly below 20%) will be rejected immediately.
• Decision: At this stage, the Editor-in-Chief may reject the manuscript (Desk Rejection) if it does not meet scholarly standards or may request immediate formatting revisions before proceeding further.

2. Double-Blind Peer Review

Manuscripts passing the initial screening are assigned to two (2) or more competent peer reviewers who are experts in the relevant field. IJD strictly adopts a Double-Blind Review policy, meaning the authors' identities are concealed from the reviewers, and the reviewers' identities are hidden from the authors. Reviewers evaluate the scientific merit, novelty, methodology, and ethical compliance of the manuscript.

3. Editorial Decision and Revision

Based on the comprehensive comments and recommendations provided by the reviewers, the Editor-in-Chief or Handling Editor makes an interim decision:

4. Post-Revision and Final Acceptance

Revised manuscripts are re-evaluated by the Assigned Editor (and may be sent back to the original reviewers for a second round if major revisions were requested). If the revision is satisfactory, the Editor-in-Chief issues a formal final acceptance. The accepted manuscript then undergoes a rigorous Copyediting process for linguistic refinement and formatting adjustments.

5. Production and Publication

• Editorial Board Meeting: Before publication, an Editorial Board Meeting is held to finalize the issue composition, considering the sequence of accepted dates, geographical distribution of authors, and thematic relevance.
• Proofreading: A final galley proof (PDF) is sent to the corresponding author for confirmation. No substantial content changes are permitted at this stage.
• Publishing: The Editor-in-Chief approves the final version for online publication, at which point the article is assigned a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and made freely accessible.

1. Frequency of Publication

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) is published biannually (twice a year), with regular issues officially released in the months of February and August. This scheduled periodicity ensures consistent, reliable, and predictable dissemination of high-quality dental research, case reports, and scientific contributions to the global readership.

2. Articles in Press / Online First

Articles in Press (or Online First) are peer-reviewed, accepted, and copyedited manuscripts scheduled for forthcoming publication. When the final issue is officially published, the provisional "Article in Press" version is linked to its designated volume and issue, retaining the initial online availability date and permanent digital object identifier (DOI).

3. Timeliness of Publication

IJD is committed to maintaining an efficient editorial workflow while upholding rigorous quality standards. The editorial team endeavors to ensure prompt screening, double-blind peer review, and timely publication through the following target timelines:

* Authors receive regular automated notifications through our Open Journal Systems (OJS) portal regarding the status and timeline of their submissions.

4. Manuscript Security and Confidentiality

IJD is committed to upholding strict confidentiality and security protocols throughout the entire editorial and publication lifecycle. Editors, section editors, and reviewers are mandated to comply with the ethical frameworks outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Unpublished manuscripts and data remain strictly confidential and will not be disclosed, shared, or utilized for any other purpose prior to authorized public release. Any suspected breaches of confidentiality will be investigated rigorously in accordance with our publication ethics policies.

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. By adopting this model, IJD is committed to the dissemination of dental science and ensures that research findings are accessible to practitioners, researchers, and the general public without financial, legal, or technical barriers.

1. Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) Compliance

This journal operates under the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access. In accordance with this definition, users are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of all published articles. Users may also crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful scholarly purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, provided that the original work is properly cited and credited.

2. Free Accessibility for Readers

All articles published in IJD are freely available online immediately upon publication. There are no subscription fees, paywalls, or registration requirements for readers to access the full text (PDF and HTML) of the articles. Our commitment to open access ensures that high-quality dental research reaches the widest possible audience globally.

3. Licensing Framework

To protect the rights of authors and to legally support this open-access model, all content in IJD is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License. This licensing framework ensures that authors retain copyright of their work while allowing others to share, adapt, and build upon the research, provided that appropriate attribution is given and any derivative works are distributed under the exact same license.

This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...

Our Publication Ethics are based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.

1. Duties of Authors

2. Duties of Editor

3. Duties of Reviewers

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) is currently indexed and abstracted in several reputable national and international databases, ensuring that all published articles receive maximum visibility, discoverability, and academic impact. Our current indexing partners include: SINTA (Rank 4), Google Scholar, GARUDA, SciSpace, Scilit, BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine), Crossref, OpenAlex, Dimensions, The Lens, OpenAIRE, and Journal MU.

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) wants to ensure that all authors are careful and comply with international standards for academic integrity, particularly on the issue of plagiarism.

Plagiarism occurs when an author takes ideas, information, or words from another source without giving proper credit to the source. Even when it occurs unintentionally, plagiarism is still a serious academic violation and is unacceptable in international academic publications.

Citation Requirements

• Specific Information: When the author learns specific information (a name, date, place, statistical number, or other detailed information) from a specific source, a citation is required. (This is only forgiven in cases of general knowledge, where the data is readily available in more than five sources or is common knowledge, e.g., established biological or dental scientific facts widely accepted in foundational textbooks.)
• Ideas: When the author takes an idea from another author, a citation is required—even if the author then develops the idea further. This might give you an idea of how to interpret the data, either by deciding what methodology to use or what conclusion to draw. Regardless of the idea, the authors should cite their sources. In cases where the author develops the idea further, it is still necessary to cite the original source of the idea first before explaining the more developed concept.
• Exact Words: When the author takes words from another author, both a citation and quotation marks are required. Whenever four or more consecutive words are identical to a source that the author has read, the author must use quotation marks to denote the use of another author’s original words; a citation alone is no longer enough.

Similarity Check & Enforcement

IJD takes academic integrity very seriously, and the editors reserve the right to withdraw acceptance or immediately reject a paper found to violate any of the standards set out above.

This policy is based on and refers to the guidelines outlined in the Generative AI Policies for Journals, as provided by:

• STM: Recommendations for classifying AI use in academic manuscript preparation.
• Elsevier: The application of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies within the review process.
• WAME: Chatbots, generative AI, and scholarly manuscripts.

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) understands the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential to help authors with their research and writing processes. IJD is excited about the new possibilities that generative AI tools bring, especially for helping to come up with ideas, speed up research, analyze results, improve writing, organize submissions, assist authors who write in a second language, and speed up the research and sharing process. IJD is offering guidance to authors, editors, and reviewers on the use of such tools, which may evolve given the swift development of the AI field.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, including large language models (LLMs) and multimodal models, are continually developing and evolving, particularly in their applications for businesses and consumers. While generative AI possesses significant potential to enhance creativity for authors, it is important to acknowledge the associated risks that come with the current generation of these tools. Generative AI can produce a wide variety of content, encompassing text generation, image synthesis, audio, and synthetic data. Notable examples of such tools include ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Claude, NovelAI, Jasper AI, DALL-E, Midjourney, and Runway.

Some of the risks associated with the operation of generative AI tools today are:

• Inaccuracy and bias: Generative AI tools are fundamentally statistical in nature rather than factual. Consequently, they can introduce inaccuracies, falsehoods (often referred to as hallucinations), or biases that may be difficult to detect, verify, and rectify.
• Lack of attribution: Generative AI frequently fails to adhere to the established practices within the global scholarly community regarding the correct and precise attribution of ideas, quotes, or citations.
• Confidentiality and intellectual property risks: Currently, generative AI tools are often employed on third-party platforms that may not provide adequate standards for confidentiality, data security, or copyright protection.
• Unintended uses: Providers of generative AI may repurpose input or output data generated from user interactions (for instance, for AI training). This practice has the potential to infringe upon the rights of authors and publishers, among others.

1. Policy for Authors

Authors may use generative AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, GPT models) for specific tasks, such as enhancing the grammar, language, and readability of their manuscripts. However, authors remain responsible for the originality, validity, and integrity of their submissions. When opting to use generative AI tools, it is essential that authors do so in a responsible manner and adhere to our journal's editorial policies concerning authorship and publication ethics. This responsibility encompasses reviewing the outputs produced by any AI tools and ensuring the accuracy of the content.

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) endorses the responsible use of generative AI tools, ensuring that high standards of data security, confidentiality, and copyright protection are maintained in instances such as the following:

• Idea generation and idea exploration
• Language improvement
• Interactive online search with LLM-enhanced search engines
• Literature classification
• Coding assistance

Authors are responsible for ensuring that the content of their submissions meets the required standards of rigorous scientific and scholarly assessment, research, and validation and is created by the author. Generative AI tools should not be credited as authors, as they are unable to assume responsibility for the content submitted or to manage copyright and licensing agreements. Authorship necessitates accountability for the content, consent to publication through a publishing agreement, and the provision of contractual assurances regarding the integrity of the work, among other essential principles. These uniquely human responsibilities cannot be fulfilled by generative AI tools.

Authors must clearly acknowledge any use of generative AI tools in their articles by including a statement that specifies the full name of the tool (along with its version number), how it was used, and the reason behind it. For article submissions, this statement should be placed in either the Methods or Acknowledgements section. This transparency allows editors to assess the employment and responsible use of generative AI tools.

Authors should avoid submitting manuscripts that use generative AI tools in ways that compromise fundamental researcher and author responsibilities, for example:

• Text or code generation without rigorous revision.
• Synthetic data generation to substitute missing data without robust methodology.
• Generation of any types of content that are inaccurate, including abstracts or supplemental materials.

Human oversight and transparency must consistently inform the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies throughout every stage of the research process. The IJD will continue to update our editorial guidelines as both the technology and ethical standards in research develop.

2. Policy for Editors and Peer Reviewers

Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of editorial integrity and transparency. Editors and peer reviewers using manuscripts in generative AI systems could risk breaking confidentiality, ownership rights, and privacy, including personal information. Consequently, editors and peer reviewers are prohibited from uploading files, images, or information from unpublished manuscripts into generative AI tools. Non-compliance with this policy may violate the intellectual property rights of the rightsholder.

Editors: Editors play a crucial role in maintaining the quality and integrity of research content. Consequently, it is imperative that editors maintain confidentiality regarding submission and peer review details. The use of manuscripts within generative AI systems could pose significant risks related to confidentiality, as well as potential infringements on proprietary rights, data security, and other concerns. Therefore, editors are prohibited from uploading unpublished manuscripts, along with any associated files, images, or information, into generative AI tools.

Peer Reviewers: Peer reviewers, who are selected as subject-matter experts, should refrain from utilizing generative AI to evaluate or condense submitted articles, or any portion of them, when writing their reviews. Consequently, peer reviewers must not upload unpublished manuscripts or project proposals, nor any associated files, images, or information, into generative AI tools. Generative AI may only be employed to assist in enhancing the language of the review; however, peer reviewers will always be accountable for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of their assessments.

The Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) is committed to the long-term preservation of scholarly content and supports authors' rights to self-archive their work. This policy outlines the guidelines for author self-archiving (repository policy) and the journal's digital preservation infrastructure.

1. Author Self-Archiving (Repository Policy)

IJD has established the following repository policy regarding the different versions of a manuscript:

2. Digital Preservation & Electronic Backup

To ensure continuous and long-term access to all published scholarly content, the Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD) implements a robust electronic backup and digital preservation policy.

All published articles in IJD are systematically deposited and archived in the Garuda Portal (Garba Rujukan Digital) and SINTA (Science and Technology Index) repositories. Furthermore, the journal utilizes the Internet Archive (archive.org) as an external digital preservation mechanism and redundant backup system. Article metadata and discoverability are also supported through Internet Archive Scholar (scholar.archive.org) to provide an additional layer of scholarly visibility and content accessibility.

This preservation infrastructure is designed to guarantee continuity of access under the following critical conditions:

• In the highly unlikely event of journal cessation.
• In the case of system failure, severe disruption, or loss of the primary OJS publishing platform.
• During platform migrations or temporary loss of access to the journal website.

This policy ensures that IJD's scholarly content remains accessible through publicly verifiable external archival systems, reflecting the journal’s commitment to transparency, accountability, open access principles, and long-term scholarly preservation in strict accordance with the best practices of scholarly publishing (COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, and WAME).

1. Article Retraction

At the Indonesian Journal of Dentistry (IJD), we have a commitment to maintaining the integrity of the academic record, so there are times when there is a need to retract articles. An article would be retracted for the following reasons:

• If there are major scientific errors that will invalidate the article's conclusion. An example is when there is evidence that the findings in the article are unreliable either due to an honest error (a miscalculation or experimental error) or as a result of misconduct (data fabrication).
• If the research and resulting findings have already been posted elsewhere without appropriate cross-referencing, justification, or permission (redundant publication).
• If there are plagiarism issues—the use of words or ideas from another publication without giving credit—or inappropriate authorship.

To make sure that retractions are handled according to the best practices of publication, and in accordance with COPE Retraction Guidelines, IJD follows the retraction process below:

• Any article that requires potential retraction should be brought to the notice of the journal editor.
• Once this is done, the journal editor follows the guidelines according to the COPE flowcharts, including the evaluation of responses provided by the authors regarding the concerns raised.
• The editor's findings are then consulted with the Editorial Board / Ethics Advisory Board before any formal action is taken. This step ensures a consistent approach in accordance with industry best practices.
• The decision on whether or not the publication will be retracted is communicated to the authors and other relevant bodies, such as the author's affiliated institution, if deemed necessary.
• When the process is concluded, a retraction statement is posted online and published in the next available issue of the journal.

* Note: Even if the author retains copyright for an article, this does not grant the right to unilaterally retract it after publication. The integrity of the public scientific record is paramount, and COPE's Retraction Guidelines strictly apply in such cases.

2. Article Withdrawal

It is not within the jurisdiction of an author to freely withdraw a submitted manuscript once processing has begun. Referees, editors, and editorial staff dedicate substantial time and effort to evaluating and editing submitted manuscripts, making unjustified sudden withdrawals an unnecessary waste of resources. Before an author submits a manuscript through our OJS, the author must acknowledge the following provisions:

3. Article Correction

Issuing a formal correction is considered by IJD under the following circumstances:

• A small portion of an otherwise reliable publication reports flawed data or misleading details arising from an honest error.
• The author/contributor list contains errors (e.g., a qualifying author was inadvertently omitted, or an individual who does not meet authorship criteria was improperly included).

Corrections to peer-reviewed content fall into one of three categories:

• Publisher correction (erratum): Notifies readers of a significant error introduced by journal production/publishing staff that impacts the scientific clarity, publication record, or reputation of the journal or authors.
• Author correction (corrigendum): Notifies readers of an error made directly by the authors that impacts the scientific integrity of the work or the academic record.
• Addendum: An addition submitted by the authors to clarify ambiguities, address inconsistencies, or provide necessary updates/expansion to the original article.

Decisions regarding whether a correction is warranted rest with the journal editors, often in consultation with reviewers or editorial board members. Handling editors will contact the corresponding author for clarification, but the final determination of the correction type and publication rests solely with the editorial team.

4. Article Removal

In rare and extraordinary circumstances, it may be necessary to remove a published article from the online platform. This occurs only if the article is found to be defamatory, infringes upon legal rights or patents, or if compliance with a formal court order is mandated. In such cases, the bibliographic metadata (title, authors, abstract, DOI) will remain accessible, while the full text is replaced with a notification stating that the article has been removed for legal or compliance reasons.

5. Article Replacement

In rare cases where an article contains severe flaws that cannot be rectified by a simple correction, the author and editors may agree to retract the flawed original and replace it with a corrected version. Under these circumstances, formal retraction procedures are followed; the retraction notice will clearly state the rationale and include a direct link to the newly published, corrected version, complete with a full document version history.