Hubungan Ekspresi Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) terhadap Gambaran Klinikopatologik Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma (IUC) Vesika Urinaria
(1) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
(2) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
(3) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Invasive Urothelial carcinoma (IUC) merupakan karsinoma yang berasal dari sel urothelial traktus urinarius predominan 90-95% melibatkan vesika urinaria dan menduduki peringkat ke-10 dari keseluruhan jenis kanker di seluruh dunia. Sekitar 573.000 kasus baru telah dilaporkan setiap tahunnya dengan 213.000 kematian ditahun 2020. American Cancer Society memperkirakan terdapat sekitar 82.290 kasus baru pada tahun 2023 (62.420 laki-laki dan 19.870 wanita), dan sekitar 16.710 penderitanya meninggal dunia. Data Globocan Asia Tenggara mencatat 18.911 kasus baru tahun 2020 dengan angka kematian 10.327 jiwa, dan Indonesia menyumbang sekitar 7.828 kasus, dengan angka kematian 3.885 kasus, dan diperkirakan meningkat 5 tahun ke depan mencapai 20.053 kasus. Faktor penting yang berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup pasien, adalah banyaknya varian histopatologi, keterlambatan diagnosis, serta rendahnya pemeriksaan rutin PD-L1 sebagai indikator prognostik dan evaluasi alternatif imunoterapi, khususnya pada kasus lokal invasif atau metastasis progresif. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ekspresi PD-L1 dengan usia, jenis kelamin, tipe histopatologi, staging, grading, dan angka ketahan hidup pasien IUC vesika urinaria
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional cross sectional untuk menilai ekspresi imunohistokimia PDL1 terhadap klinikopatologik dan prognosis pasien IUC vesika urinaria.
Hasil: Analisis statistik menggunakan Chi-Square test pada 54 pasien menunjukkan ekspresi PD-L1 terhadap usia dengan nilai p=0,224, Prevalensi Ratio (PR)<1; jenis kelamin, nilai p=0,311, PR>1; tipe histopatologi, nilai p=0,516, PR<1; staging tumor, nilai p=0,708, PR>1; grading tumor, nilai p=1,000, PR=1 dan angka ketahanan hidup, nilai p=0,633, PR>1.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan faktor risiko ekspresi PD-L1 dengan kliniko-patologik dan prognosis pasien invasive urothelial carcinoma vesika urinaria, walaupun tidak signifikan
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/medart.7.1.2025.28-39
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Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang
Jl. Kedungmundu Raya No. 18, Semarang, Indonesia
Email: medica.arteriana@unimus.ac.id