Determinan Sosial Kesehatan Pemberian Imunisasi pada Anak Usia 12 – 23 Bulan : Literature Review

Ika Fitri Alfiani(1*), Dien Anshari(2)


(1) Departemen Pendidikan Kesehataan dan Ilmu Perilaku, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia
(2) Center for Health Research, Universitas Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Latar belakang: Imunisasi merupakan salah satu intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang efektif untuk melindungi anak-anak dari penyakit infeksi. Anak usia 12–23 bulan memerlukan imunisasi wajib seperti campak, gondong, rubela, polio, dan hepatitis B untuk memberikan perlindungan dini. Cakupan imunisasi yang tinggi dapat secara signifikan menekan risiko penularan penyakit, menciptakan kekebalan kelompok, melindungi kelompok rentan, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Memahami determinan sosial kesehatan (DSK) sangat penting untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengaruh DSK terhadap cakupan imunisasi pada anak usia 12–23 bulan serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk mengatasi kesenjangan yang ada. Metode: Tinjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA. Studi kuantitatif dari Asia dan Afrika yang diterbitkan antara 2019–2024 dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Basis data utama yang digunakan meliputi Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, dan Sage Journals, dengan kata kunci seperti "determinant," "social," "demography," "gender," "education," "vaccination," "immunization," dan "child." Artikel yang ditemukan dianalisis dengan mengekstraksi variabel utama, seperti pendidikan ibu, status sosial ekonomi, akses layanan kesehatan, dan cakupan imunisasi, kemudian disintesis untuk mengidentifikasi pola, tren, dan kesenjangan penelitian. Hasil: Dari 113 artikel yang teridentifikasi, empat studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa DSK seperti pendidikan ibu, lokasi geografis, status sosial ekonomi, akses layanan kesehatan, dan kepercayaan agama berperan penting dalam memengaruhi cakupan imunisasi. Anak-anak dari ibu yang berpendidikan dan tinggal di perkotaan lebih cenderung mendapatkan imunisasi lengkap. Sebaliknya, hambatan ditemukan di komunitas terpencil dan berpenghasilan rendah akibat keterbatasan fasilitas kesehatan.. Kesimpulan: DSK seperti pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi, dan lokasi geografis berperan penting dalam memengaruhi cakupan imunisasi anak. Penelitian lanjutan dengan desain longitudinal dan fokus pada aspek DSK di konteks lokal diperlukan untuk mengembangkan intervensi yang spesifik dan efektif. Rekomendasi kebijakan meliputi peningkatan pendidikan ibu, akses layanan kesehatan, dan pendekatan lintas sektor untuk mendukung cakupan imunisasi di Indonesia.

Keywords


Imunisasi Anak, Determinan Sosial Kesehatan, Pemberian Imunisasi, Status Sosio ekonomi, Akses Kesehatan

Full Text:

PDF

References


Talbird SE, Carrico J, La EM, et al. Impact of Routine Childhood Immunization in Reducing Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States. Pediatrics. 2022;150(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-056013

Siddiqui FA, Padhani ZA, Salam RA, et al. Interventions to Improve Immunization Coverage among Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2022;149. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053852D

Dyda A, King C, Dey A, Leask J, Dunn AG. A systematic review of studies that measure parental vaccine attitudes and beliefs in childhood vaccination. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09327-8

Kaufman J, Tuckerman J, Bonner C, et al. Parent-level barriers to uptake of childhood vaccination: A global overview of systematic reviews. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(9). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006860

Mekonnen AG, Bayleyegn AD, Ayele ET. Immunization coverage of 12-23 months old children and its associated factors in Minjar-Shenkora district, Ethiopia: A community-based study. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1575-7

Chanie MG, Ewunetie GE, Molla A, Muche A. Determinants of vaccination dropout among children 12-23 months age in north Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia, 2019. PLoS One. 2021;16(2 February). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246018

Negash BT, Tediso Y, Yoseph A. Predictors of timeliness of vaccination among children of age 12–23 months in Boricha district, Sidama region Ethiopia, in 2019. BMC Pediatr. 2023;23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04234-4

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ. 2021;372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Siddiqi DA, Iftikhar S, Siddique M, et al. Immunization Gender Inequity in Pakistan: An Analysis of 6.2 Million Children Born from 2019 to 2022 and Enrolled in the Sindh Electronic Immunization Registry. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(3):685. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030685

Atteraya MS, Song IH, Ebrahim NB, Gnawali S, Kim E, Dhakal T. Inequalities in Childhood Immunisation in South Asia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031755

Obanewa OA, Newell ML. The role of place of residency in childhood immunisation coverage in Nigeria: Analysis of data from three DHS rounds 2003-2013. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8170-6

Kolawole OT, Akinyemi A, Solanke BL. Household Vulnerability and Childhood Immunization Status in Nigeria. Sage Open. 2023;13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231179943

Bobo FT, Asante A, Woldie M, Dawson A, Hayen A. Child vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa: Increasing coverage addresses inequalities. Vaccine. 2022;40(1):141-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.005

Magambo NK, Bajunirwe F, Bagenda F. Geographic location of health facility and immunization program performance in Hoima district, western Uganda: a health facility level assessment. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09859-z

Song IH, Palley E, Atteraya MS. Inequalities in complete childhood immunisation in Nepal: results from a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037646

John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Breaking the Barriers: How Gender Equity Advances Immunization. March 27, 2023. Accessed October 3, 2024. https://publichealth.jhu.edu/ivac/2023/breaking-the-barriers-how-gender-equity-advances-immunization

Dimitrova A, Carrasco-Escobar G, Richardson R, Benmarhnia T. Essential childhood immunization in 43 low- and middle-income countries: Analysis of spatial trends and socioeconomic inequalities in vaccine coverage. PLoS Med. 2023;20(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004166

Jain M, Shisler S, Lane C, Bagai A, Brown E, Engelbert M. Use of community engagement interventions to improve child immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2022;12(11). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061568

Shepherd SM, Willis-Esqueda C, Paradies Y, Sivasubramaniam D, Sherwood J, Brockie T. Racial and cultural minority experiences and perceptions of health care provision in a mid-western region. Int J Equity Health. 2018;17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0744-x

Sarcone J. Healthcare and Cultural Disparities. In: Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing; 2016:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3028-1

Jonas WB, Maeba Jonas R. Faith-Health Collaboration to Improve Community and Population Health.; 2019.

Alsuwaidi AR, Hammad HAAK, Elbarazi I, Sheek-Hussein M. Vaccine hesitancy within the Muslim community: Islamic faith and public health perspectives. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2023.2190716

Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. The Dahlgren-Whitehead model of health determinants: 30 years on and still chasing rainbows. Public Health. 2021;199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.08.009

Fleary SA, Gonçalves C, Joseph PL, Baker DM. Correction to: Census Tract Demographics Associated with Libraries’ Social, Economic, and Health-Related Programming (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, (2022), 19, 11, (6598), 10.3390/ijerph19116598). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156471

Whitehead M, Dahlgren G. What can be done about inequalities in health? The Lancet. 1991;338(8774). https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91911-D


Article Metrics

Abstract view : 70 times
PDF - 6 times

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.19.4.2024.1-10

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

ISSN 1693-3443 (print) | 2613-9219 (online)
Organized by Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
Published by Prodi S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang
W : https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/jkmi 
E : manajerjkmi@unimus.ac.id

 

 Creative Commons License

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.