Pengunaan Kelambu Sebagai Prediksi Pencegahan Malaria di Wilayah Endemis

Nugroho Susanto(1*), Fransiska Lanni(2), Nur Pascawati(3)


(1) Universitas Respati Yogyakarta
(2) 
(3) 
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Latar belakang: Wilayah endemis factor risiko terjadinya penularan malaria. Mayoritas masyarakat berpergian di daerah endemis malaria hanya 18,7% menyiapkan obat malaria. Prilaku masyarakat sebagai faktor dalam menurunkan kejadian penyakit malaria. Pemberantasan malaria sangat sulit dilakukan terkait prilaku masyarakat, lingkungan dan belum ada vaksin mencegah penyakit malaria. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui mengetahui faktor dominan pencegahan malaria di wilayah endemis malaria. Metode: Rancangan penelitian dengan cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian mahasiswa semester 1 dan 2 yang aktif di Universitas Respati Yogyakarta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eklusi. Besaran sampel 78 sampel yang dilakukan dengan systematic random sampling. Variabel bebas meliputi pengunaan kelambu, pengunaan rephelent, pengunaan obat nyamuk, perbaikan gizi, dan memelihara ikan dan variabel terikat status endemis. Analisis data dengan uji statistic chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Sebagian besar tidak mengunakan kelambu 82,1%, tidak mengunakan repellent 83,3%, tidak mengunakan obat nyamuk 79.5%, tidak mengkonsumsi makanan bergizi 73,1%, tidak memelihara ikan 75,6%. Terdapat perbedaan pengunaan kelambu antara daerah endemis dan non endemis p = 0.041, tidak terdapat perbedaan pengunaan repellent (p = 0.378), pengunaan obat nyamuk (p = 0.519), perilaku konsumsi supplement (p = 0.842), dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pelihara ikan (p = 0.003).  Memelihara ikan lebih dominan berkontribusi (β = -2.12) dibanding dengan pengunaan kelambu (β = -1.530). Kesimpulan: Pencegahan penyakit malaria berdasarkan status endemis wilayah adalah faktor pengunaan kelambu dan pelihara ikan. Memelihara ikan sebagai faktor dominan dibanding pengunaan kelambu pada daerah endemis.

Keywords


Malaria, endemic, risk factors

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.18.4.2023.6-11

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Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

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